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- Government
-
- Long-form name: Syrian Arab Republic.
-
- Type: republic; under leftwing military regime since March 1963.
-
- Capital: Damascus.
-
- Administrative divisions: 14 provinces (muhafazat, singular--
- muhafazah); Al Hasakah, Al Ladhiqiyah, Al Qunaytirah, Ar Raqqah,
- As Suwayda, Dara, Dayr az Zawr, Dimashq, Halab, Hamah, Hims,
- Idlib, Madinat Dimashq, Tartus.
-
- Independence: 17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate
- under French administration); formerly United Arab Republic.
-
- Constitution: 13 March 1973.
-
- Legal system: based on Islamic law and civil law system;
- special religious courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
- jurisdiction.
-
- National holiday: National Day, 17 April (1946).
-
- Executive branch: president, three vice presidents, prime
- minister, three deputy prime ministers, Council of Ministers
- (cabinet).
-
- Legislative branch: unicameral People's Council (Majlis ash Shaab).
-
- Judicial branch: Supreme Constitutional Court, High Judicial
- Council, Court of Cassation, State Security Courts.
-
- Leaders:
-
- Chief of State--President Lt. Gen. Hafiz al-ASSAD (since 22 February
- 1971); Vice Presidents Abd al-Halim KHADDAM, Dr. Rifat al-ASSAD,
- and Muhammad Zuhayr MASHARIQA (since 11 March 1984);
-
- Head of Government--Prime Minister Mahmud ZUBI (since 1 November
- 1987); Deputy Prime Minister Lt. Gen. Mustafa TALAS (since
- 11 March 1984).
-
- Political parties and leaders: ruling party is the Arab
- Socialist Resurrectionist (Bath) Party; the Progressive
- National Front is dominated by Bathists but includes independents
- and members of the Syrian Arab Socialist Party (ASP), Arab
- Socialist Union (ASU), Socialist Unionist Movement, and
- Syrian Communist Party (SCP).
-
- Suffrage: universal at age 18.
-
- Elections:
-
- President--last held 10-11 February 1985 (next to be held February
- 1992); results--President Hafiz al-Assad was reelected without
- opposition;
-
- People's Council--last held 10-11 February 1986 (next to
- be held 22 May 1990); results--Bath 66%, ASU 5%, SCP 5%,
- Socialist Unionist Movement 4%, ASP 2%, independents 18%;
- seats--(195 total) Bath 129, Communist 9, ASU 9, Socialiist
- Unionist Movement 8, ASP 5, independents 35; the People's
- Council will have 250 seats total in the 22 May 1990 election.
-
- Communists: mostly sympathizers, numbering about 5,000.
-
- Other political or pressure groups: non-Bath parties have little
- effective political influence; Communist party ineffective;
- greatest threat to Assad regime lies in factionalism in the
- military; conservative religious leaders; Muslim Brotherhood.
-
- Member of: Arab League, CCC, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
- IDA, IDB--Islamic Development Bank, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF,
- IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IPU, ITU, IWC--International
- Wheat Council, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO,
- WMO, WSG, WTO.
-
- Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Walid Mu'allim; Chancery
- at 2215 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone
- (202) 232-6313; US--Ambassador Edward P. DJEREJIAN; Embassy
- at Abu Rumaneh, Al Mansur Street No.2, Damascus (mailing
- address is P.O. Box 29, Damascus); telephone [963] (11)
- 333052 or 332557, 330416, 332814, 332315.
-
- Flag: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and
- black with two small green five-pointed stars in a horizontal
- line centered in the white band; similar to the flags of
- the YAR which has one star and Iraq which has three stars
- (in a horizontal line centered in the white band)--all green
- and five-pointed; also similar to the flag of Egypt which
- has a symbolic eagle centered in the white band.
-